As with Batman Begins, Christopher Nolan crafts his own distinctive take on the Batman mythos that sits aside from previous versions. In the two other best Batman films – Tim Burton’s Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992) – Burton invested the comic-book characters in funny costumes with a driven psychological urgency. Burton, with his preponderance for marvels of production design and costuming, turned his Gotham City into a darkly fantastical world of comic-book noir. Christopher Nolan by contrast darkened the psychological focus but (to some disappointment) created the world around Batman and the villains as a resolutely realist one. (The Dark Knight is oddly the first ever Batman film to not feature the name Batman in its title – perhaps further evidence of Christopher Nolan’s desire to take the series out the comic-book).

The focus of Batman Begins was Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer’s script, which placed all the drive on the evolution of Bruce Wayne into Batman. With The Dark Knight, David S. Goyer steps back to only providing the original story while Christopher Nolan and his brother and frequent collaborator Jonathan write the screenplay itself. What emerges on screen is an astounding tour-de-force. You can run the two films alongside – Batman Begins is like an origin story, while The Dark Knight reads as not so much a sequel but a second act that builds out on everything that has been laid down in the first to develop a breathtaking saga. With Christopher Nolan having stripped away much of the overtly fantastical, the story is now like an amazing cross-section of the conflicting forces of crime in a city – one was constantly reminded of something like tv’s superb The Wire (2002-8) and the way it shows how the different stratas of the city from street criminals, the police force and city hall interact. The Nolans have chosen three essential characters as the focus of the story – Batman, The Joker and Harvey Dent in the process of his transformation into Two-Face – and the story is a beautifully wound saga of the way in which the dynamic that each of these represents comes to mirror and play off one another. The Dark Knight is a film that grasps at huge issues like light and darkness, the public perception of heroes and of asking what the rules of morality that heroes and villains operate by are. The writing is dazzling, making The Dark Knight possibly one of the finest of all comic-book-to-screen screenplays that has graced the screen to date.

The downside of Christopher Nolan’s resolutely realist take on the Batman mythos is that he strips away some of the more Gothic touches familiar to the comic-book. Seeing Christian Bale and Michael Caine in a featurelessly blank concrete block basement is no replacement for the Batcave. I also found the armoured Humvee Batmobile one of the uglier aspects of Batman Begins. Nolan at least blows the Humvee Batmobile up this time, so maybe that means a more traditional design in the next film – although here we also get a Batbike, which is designed as two monster wheel tires with a connecting strut. One of the other odder aspects is that we never actually have Batman swinging through the skies of Gotham City by Batrope as he does almost anywhere else – there are a couple of scenes with Christian Bale flying about on what looks like a batwing backpack and one scene where Bale does an improbable fall from several stories down to land on the roof of a car with Maggie Gyllenhaal in his arms and both emerge uninjured – but no Batropes.

On the plus side, the one thing that Christopher Nolan does to improve over Batman Begins is to perfect the action scenes, which were one of the weaker aspects of the first film. There is one great sequence in mid-film with The Joker blowing up vehicles with a rocket launcher, Batman zipping about through traffic on the Batbike and winding ropes that causes an entire truck to flip its own length, which ends up completely singing. That said though, The Dark Knight is a film where the focus is on the script and the characters less than it is the action scenes.

The cast are all on top form. Christian Bale is at full strength, making Bruce Wayne seem even more darkly brooding and morally ambiguous than before. Maggie Gyllenhaal does capably as Rachel – it is not the enormously talented Gyllenhaal’s best work but she is effective in the part, much more so than the blank Katie Holmes. Of course, the performance that almost entirely overshadowed The Dark Knight was Heath Ledger’s Joker. It is a part that was made even darker and more ghoulish after Ledger’s death in January 2008 from an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. Ledger and Christopher Nolan gives us a Joker that is totally different from Jack Nicholson in the Tim Burton Batman (or even from Cesar Romero’s prancing dandy in the Batman (1966-8) tv series and Batman (1966) film spinoff and Mark Hamill’s gleefully maniacal incarnation in the 1992-4 animated tv series – the less said about the Kevin Michael Richardson voiced green dreadlocked The Joker in The Batman (2004-8) the better). Most of these have followed the comic-book in one way or another and given us a character in a natty purple suit with white face, green hair and exaggerated smile. However, in Heath Ledger’s incarnation, The Joker becomes less immaculate – the makeup is pasty and half-rubbed off; the smile is a big red lipstick smear with the suggestion of scars beneath; the green hair is a bedraggled unkempt mess; the purple suit is there but subdued, while Ledger plays with hunched stagger and constant licking of his lips. This is less insanely cackling clown figure than it is scruffy madman with a flair for the diabolic. The Nolans’ writing has a considerable brilliance that Heath Ledger takes to with enormous relish and lets the character shine with its own unique madness. The role saw Ledger winning a posthumous Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

I have never been a huge fan of Aaron Eckhart’s cocky, lantern jawed acting – excepting perhaps the film in which he came to fame In the Company of Men (1997) and the occasional oddity like Thank You for Smoking (2005). That said, Eckhart and the Nolans do great things with Harvey Dent. The portrait of Harvey Dent as crusading district attorney is written with great strength, much more so than has ever been covered in the comic-book – indeed, it is more than four-fifths of the way through the film before Dent gets the distinctive injury that transforms him. Eventually we do get to see Two-Face – although the makeup team’s depiction of the burned side of Eckhart’s face is so extreme that Two-Face comes across more as half-rotted George Romero zombie. (The nitpicker in one kept wondering with one eyeball uncovered and half of Eckhart’s mouth and cheek torn open, how it is that Dent does not end up suffering from major infections as a result of so much exposed and unhealed flesh). Although he is overshadowed by Heath Ledger, Aaron Eckhart’s performance and the characterization of Two-Face are one of the best things about The Dark Knight. Echkart and the Nolans by and far erase all memory of the grotesquely over-acted Two-Face that we had in Joel Schumacher’s Batman Forever (1995). Ironically, even though Tommy Lee Jones is by far the better actor than Aaron Eckhart, Eckhart easily wins the day hands down.

We also get a minor blink-and-you-miss-him return of Cillian Murphy as The Scarecrow again at the very start of the film. Although we do get to see Murphy in traditional Scarecrow burlap-sack mask, neither of Murphy’s appearances here or in Batman Begins give The Scarecrow any substantial or worthy treatment.

Christopher Nolan followed this up with a third Batman film The Dark Knight Rises (2012), although did return to to produce Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016). Nolan also directed the psycho-thriller Insomnia (2002), The Prestige (2006) about rival Victorian stage magicians, the mind-bending Inception (2010) about dream espionage, the space exploration film Interstellar (2014) and the non-genre War film Dunkirk (2017). He has also produced Man of Steel (2013) and Transcendence (2014).

Batman: Gotham Knight (2008) was a compilation of anime Batman shorts made as a tie-in for the release of The Dark Knight. The other Batman films and tv series are:- Batman (1943) and Batman and Robin (1949), two 15-chapter serials from Columbia; the campy tv series Batman (1966-8) starring Adam West and Burt Ward, which produced one film spin-off with Batman (1966); the animated tv series The New Adventures of Batman (1977-8); Tim Burton’s superb duo of films Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992) starring Michael Keaton, and Joel Schumacher’s dismal campy follow-ups Batman Forever (1995) and Batman & Robin (1997), featuring respectively Val Kilmer and George Clooney; the excellent animated series Batman (1992-4) inspired by the Tim Burton films and its follow-up The New Batman Adventures (1997-9), which spawned several film spin-offs with Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993), Batman and Mr Freeze: SubZero (1998), The Batman Superman Movie: World’s Finest (1998) and Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman (2003), as well as the later DC Universe Original Animated Movies Superman/Batman: Public Enemies (2009), Batman: Under the Red Hood (2010), Superman/Batman: Apocalypse (2010), Batman: Year One (2011), Batman: The Dark Knight Returns Part I (2012), Batman: The Dark Knight Returns Part II (2013), Batman: Assault on Arkham (2014), Son of Batman (2014), Batman vs. Robin (2015), Batman: Bad Blood (2016) and Batman: The Killing Joke (2016); Batman Beyond/Batman of the Future (1999-2001), the futuristic follow-up series from the same creative team featuring an aging Bruce Wayne and his young apprentice, which also spun off one animated film Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (2000) and another animated tv series Static Shock (2000-4); the animated series The Batman (2004-8), which badly revised the basics of the series and was also spun off into a film with The Batman vs. Dracula (2005); two further animated series Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2008-11), which placed Batman alongside other DC superheroes, and Beware the Batman (2013-4); the live-action tv series Gotham (2014– ), which tells the origin stories of the familiar characters and villains as Bruce Wayne grows up; Batman turns up as an animated character in The Lego Movie (2014) and gets a whole film to himself in The Lego Batman Movie (2017); the animated films Batman Unlimited: Animal Instincts (2015) and Batman Unlimited: Monster Mayhem (2015) spun off from a line of action figures; and the animated Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders (2016) featuring a return of Adam West and Burt Ward. Batman also makes appearances in the line-up of superheroes in various other DC-related animated series such as SuperFriends (1973-7), The All New SuperFriends Hour (1977-9) and Justice League/Justice League Unlimited (2001-5), as well as the films Justice League: The New Frontier (2008), Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths (2010), Justice League: Doom (2012), Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (2013), Justice League: War (2014), Justice League: Throne of Atlantis (2015), Justice League: Gods and Monsters (2015), Justice League vs Teen Titans (2016) and Justice League Dark (2017). Other spinoffs include the short-lived live-action tv series Birds of Prey (2002), featuring the women of Batman – a paraplegic Batgirl, Cat Woman’s daughter and Harley Quinn – and the Halle Berry starring Catwoman (2004), while Robin appears as a member of Young Justice (2010-3) and Suicide Squad (2016) features a team-up of DC villains including The Joker and Harley Quinn. The Batman-Robin relationship is also excrutiatingly spoofed in the Superhero Speed Dating segment of Movie 43 (2013). Also of interest is Batman & Bill (2017), a documentary about the unacknowledged co-creator of Batman, Bill Finger.

(Winner in Best Film this site’s Top 10 Films of 2008 list. Winner for Best Director (Christopher Nolan), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor (Heath Ledger) and Nominee for Best Supporting Actor (Aaron Eckhart) at this site’s Best of 2008 Awards).
 

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