Nevertheless, the popularity of the Dead films is something that would not go away. First there was Dan O’Bannon who made an independent sequel Return of the Living Dead (1985) out of a complicated legal settlement over Night of the Living Dead, which proved popular enough to produce two sequels. There was also Romero’s remake of the original Night of the Living Dead (1990), as directed by Tom Savini, his makeup effects man on the sequels. And then there were even unofficial remakes, such as 28 Days Later (2002), which substantially borrowed much of the plot from Day of the Dead. The success of 28 Days Later saw a considerable revival of interest in Romero zombie films, which included the amusing British parody Shaun of the Dead (2004) and spinoffs like Day of the Dead 2: Contagium (2005), the animated anthology Night of the Living Dead: Reanimated (2008), the announced Night of the Living Dead: Origins (2011) and yet more remakes with Night of the Living Dead 3D (2006) and Day of the Dead (2008). These in turn spawned a deluge of zombie film copies. The renewed public attention finally gave Romero the profile once again to get financing for his fourth Dead film, Land of the Dead (2005) and two further efforts with Diary of the Dead (2007) and Survival of the Dead (2009).

Dawn of the Dead 2004 joins a host of recent films that have been remaking and/or substantially referencing 1970s independent horror films – the likes of the aforementioned 28 Days Later, Cabin Fever (2002), House of 1000 Corpses (2003), and a deluge of remakes with The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003), Toolbox Murders (2003), Wrong Turn (2003), The Amityville Horror (2005), Assault on Precinct 13 (2005), The Fog (2005), Black Christmas (2006), The Hills Have Eyes (2006), The Omen (2006), Sisters (2006), When a Stranger Calls (2006), The Wicker Man (2006), Halloween (2007), The Hitcher (2007), April Fool’s Day (2008), Day of the Dead (2008), It’s Alive (2008), Prom Night (2008), Friday the 13th (2009), The Last House on the Left (2009), My Bloody Valentine (2009), Night of the Demons (2009), Sorority Row (2009), The Stepfather (2009), And Soon the Darkness (2010), The Crazies (2010), I Spit on Your Grave (2010), Mother’s Day (2010), A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010), Piranha (2010), Don’t Be Afraid of the Dark (2011), Fright Night (2011), Straw Dogs (2011) and The Thing (2011).

Director Zack Snyder certainly pays appropriate homage to the original Dawn of the Dead. Most of the original cast make cameos – Ken Foree turns up as a preacher on the tv, Scott H. Reininger as a besieged general, and Tom Savini, the makeup effects man from the original who also played the biker leader, turns up as a sheriff (who would appear to be a close cousin to the Southern sheriff’s posse that appeared at the end of Night), and the mall’s clothing outlet chain is named after actress Gaylen Ross. While one cannot deny that the filmmakers here and in these abovementioned films are horror fans, whether any of these remakes are improvements over their originals is a highly debatable question. Indeed, what these remakes seem more than anything is unnecessary.

Dawn of the Dead 2004 was called a ‘reimagining’ of the original, whatever that may mean. There are certainly many points of difference between the two. With Dawn of the Dead 1979, the gore was so extreme that George Romero had to release the film independently and unrated; by contrast, Dawn of the Dead 2004 comes backed by a major studio (Universal) and released with MPAA approval. On the plus side, the studio backing and MPAA approval has not censored the gore as much as one expected that it would – there is a reasonable degree of blood spilt, objects impaled through heads, heads and body parts severed (which may well say something positive about how the ground rules about acceptable levels of gore in mainstream cinema has shifted since 1979). On the other hand, Dawn of the Dead 2004 is not as memorably gory as the original – certainly it is a hard stretch of the imagination to think that audiences are going to go out of this version talking about the screwdriver in the ear scene, the helicopter blade in the head, the intestine devouring scene etc. There are no similar standout gore set-pieces here. Moreover, almost all suggestion of the zombies devouring their victims has been eliminated – they never seem to be doing anything more than biting victims.

Certainly, some aspects of the original have been improved. Whereas George Romero made his version on only a $2 million budget, cutting his costs by shooting after hours in a Pittsburgh mall, this version has a $28 million budget and recognizable name actors. The bigger budget has also allowed the remake to envision the social apocalypse on a much wider scale – the zombies outside the mall number in the thousands and there are CGI-added shots of the city burning.

More importantly, the remake has substantially changed the basic plot of the original. It ups the complement of characters from four to fifteen, nearly four times the original number. Alas, these are never particularly well characterized – they are the standard crosscut of characters that inhabit survivalist dramas – the treacherously self-interested yuppie, the redneck, the tough but honourable heroic type, the elderly man, the father who must sacrifice his life, the pregnant woman, the blonde bimbo. The remake also dispenses with the bikers that invade the mall, although takes the more interesting step of internalising the conflict within the group – making it initially a fight between the group and three security guards led by the redneck Michael Kelly, who seems more interested in maintaining his own authority than considering practicality or group survival. The zombies are also much more mobile – they can run rather than blindly stumble about. (Zack Snyder says the reason for this was because he wanted to avoid the slapstick scenes that Romero put his zombies through in the original).

What is also noticeable is that Dawn of the Dead 2004 dispenses entirely with the satire of the original. Romero’s films of the 1970s had a startling level of social commentary to them. Dawn of the Dead 1979 was a remarkable parable about materialism and the consumer society – how the mall became a materialist idyll for the survivors with the zombies amusingly seen as mindless consumers operating by basic instinct. All of that has been excised by the time of the remake, which is now only a survivalist action/gore film with no intended level of social metaphor. Indeed, when Dawn of the Dead 2004 does the thing about the survivors running about the mall and enjoying the mini-utopia, all it does is throw up a montage of cute scenes – people riding about on bikes, watching dvds, shooting basketball hoops in the main concourse, getting their hair done, having sex on a walking machine – without any trace of irony. When George Romero conducted such a montage, he was ironically reflecting on the meaningless of mall culture – people taking money when there is nowhere left to spend it, threading their way through empty bank queues. The irony of Zack Synder’s montage is that such scenes unintentionally buy into the very utopian image of the consumer society that George Romero was trying to satirise. There are other times that the remake tries to throw in original ideas – particularly the zombie baby – that promptly go nowhere – the film quickly kills it off and squanders any interesting concepts the idea may have raised.

There are occasional moments to Dawn of the Dead 2004 – Zack Snyder improvises an amusing series of exchanges between the group and the man trapped on the roof of the gunstore; and there is a decent opening where Sarah Polley’s husband is abruptly bitten by the zombie girl and she must flee, her flight gradually taking in an awareness of the apocalypse as the camera pulls back to an aerial shot crossing the burning city, showing vehicles appearing and colliding. Zack Snyder builds the film up to a reasonably intensive all-out climax in the last 15 minutes as the group make their break out of the mall and away to safety. However, compared to the memorable to-the-death survivalist battle that George Romero’s survivors engaged in, the scenes here seem lacking. While there is a moderate intensity, there is never anything that has you on the edge of the seat in suspense. In the end, Dawn of the Dead 2004 emerges as a remake that revisits the original but does so without having anything to add or even anything to say about it all.

Director Zack Snyder next went onto make the hit big screen adaptation of 300 (2007) based on Frank Miller’s graphic novel about the Greek wars; the adaptation of Alan Moore’s classic superhero graphic novel Watchmen (2009); the animated owl fantasy Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga’Hoole (2010); Sucker Punch (2011) about a young girl’s imagined alternate reality; and the next announced Superman: The Man of Steel (2012). Screenwriter James Gunn had previously written Troma’s Tromeo & Juliet (1996), Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). Gunn made his directorial debut with the horror homage Slither (2006) and next made Super (2010) about a man who believes he is a superhero.

(Nominee for Best Makeup Effects at this site’s Best of 2004 Awards).